The grafting of horticultural crops enables breeders to induce phenotypic changes in rootstocks and scions. A number of signaling molecules, including RNAs and proteins, were recently shown to underlie these changes; however, little is known about the composition of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes or how these macromolecules are transported. Here, we used a polypyrimidine tract-binding protein, PbPTB3, as a bait to screen a library of phloem cDNA from a pear variety 'Du Li' (Pyrus betulaefolia). We identified a new protein constituent of the RNP complex, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (PbTTG1), a WD40 protein that interacts with PbPTB3 to facilitate its transport with PbWoxT1 mRNA through the phloem. Overexpression experiments indicated that PbTTG1 binds to PbPTB3, facilitating its transmission from the leaf through the petiole, while silencing of PbTTG1 expression prevented their translocation. Heterografting experiments also showed that silencing of PbTTG1 prevented the transport of PbPTB3 from the rootstock to the scion. Collectively, these findings established that PbTTG1 binds to PbPTB3 and PbWoxT1 to form an RNP complex, which facilitates their long-distance movement.
